Italy, facing an influx of 800 migrants in Lampedusa within 36 hours, is taking steps to curb illegal immigration. Giorgia Meloni will sign a memorandum in Egypt, similar to one with Tunisia, as part of the 'Plan Mattei', a €5.5 billion investment in African development. The visit coincides with a €7.4 billion EU aid package to support Egypt's economy, amidst concerns of increased migration pressure due to conflicts in Sudan and Gaza. Egyptian President El-Sisi has warned of the potential for a Palestinian refugee flow into Egypt due to Israeli operations in Rafah.

The navies of Iran, China, and Russia conducted a naval exercise in the Gulf of Oman to enhance security and stability in the region. This exercise, named Security Bond-2024, aimed to strengthen maritime trade security, combat piracy and terrorism, and foster multilateral cooperation. The Iran-China-Russia alliance impacts the geopolitics of the Indian Ocean Region (IOR) and the broader Indo-Pacific Region. Iran's maritime strategy focuses on asymmetric warfare and aligning with US adversaries to counter Western influence. China and Russia, as non-resident powers in the Indian Ocean, have strengthened their strategic presence through cooperation with Iran. The Western Indian Ocean, though less focused on by the Quad, remains crucial for countering China's influence. The trilateral cooperation between Iran, China, and Russia extends beyond the Red Sea, affecting the entire Indian Ocean.

The article provides a detailed account of the ongoing conflict in Ukraine, initiated by Russia's invasion in 2022. It covers key events such as the battle of Bakhmut, the destruction of the Kakhovka dam, and the sabotage of the Nord Stream pipelines. The piece also discusses the international response, including sanctions by the European Union, the role of NATO, and the humanitarian crisis resulting from the war. It highlights the resilience of the Ukrainian people and the leadership of President Volodimir Zelensky, while criticizing Russian actions and leadership.

Morocco is advancing its fight against climate change with a new strategy focused on green energy and sustainable financing. The country has significantly reduced its energy dependence and increased its renewable energy capacity. Key figures, including Abdellatif Jouahri Wali and Mohamed Kettani, emphasize the role of the banking sector in supporting green initiatives. Morocco's efforts include ambitious national plans and international commitments, aiming to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and attract private investment for a sustainable transition.

Western capitals, particularly the United States, are planning for the post-war reconstruction of Gaza, focusing on preventing Iran from rebuilding Hamas. The U.S. aims to involve regional leaders and the Palestinian Authority in Gaza's governance. Analysts warn that Iran will likely attempt to rebuild Hamas, similar to its support for Hezbollah. The article highlights the need to disrupt Iran's funding and arms supply to its proxies and establish a legitimate Palestinian security force to counter Iranian influence. The text underscores the strategic importance of preventing a power vacuum that Iran could exploit.

Relations between India and the Maldives are experiencing tensions due to actions by the Maldives' newly-elected president Mohamed Muizzu. The Maldives' strategic location in the Indian Ocean is vital for India's maritime security, and India has invested in the Maldives' defense infrastructure and training. India is also a key economic partner, being the largest source of tourists and a significant trade partner for the Maldives. However, Muizzu's first state visit to Türkiye and increased engagement with China, including a 'Comprehensive Strategic Partnership,' pose concerns for India. The Maldives has a history of radical tendencies and the proximity to Türkiye and the support for radical ideology under Muizzu's administration increase the threat perception for India. Despite China's growing influence, India's geographical proximity gives it a strategic advantage in the region.

External Affairs Minister S Jaishankar's visit to Russia will focus on economic engagements and various international issues amidst complex global geopolitics. The Russia-Ukraine war and the Israel-Hamas conflict, particularly the Houthi attacks in the Red Sea, pose new diplomatic and strategic challenges for India-Russia relations. The security situation in the Red Sea affects India's outreach to the Middle East and its connectivity initiatives. Divergences between India and Russia, especially regarding Iran, could strain their relations. Despite differing views on the Indo-Pacific, India and Russia have cooperated in the maritime domain. However, the growing instability in the Middle East and Western Indian Ocean may increase Russia's strategic role, complicating India's navigation in the region. Both countries need significant diplomatic efforts to maintain their cordial ties amidst these geopolitical shifts.

The Indian Navy has emerged as a key player in international security, particularly in the Red Sea, amid the Israel-Hamas conflict and threats from Houthis and Somali pirates. India's naval operations are increasingly influenced by a decolonisation and indigenisation narrative, drawing inspiration from historical figures like Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj. Recent initiatives include the Indian Navy's new ensign and the proposal to list Maratha Military Landscapes for UNESCO World Heritage status. The government is also focusing on self-reliance in defense manufacturing, with significant budget allocations for the Indian Navy.

The article discusses India's stance on the Israel-Hamas conflict that began on October 7, highlighting India's support for Israel while maintaining its long-standing policy of supporting an independent Palestinian state. Prime Minister Narendra Modi condemned Hamas and expressed solidarity with Israel, while also reaffirming India's commitment to humanitarian aid in Gaza. The article explores India's evolving foreign policy in the Middle East, its strategic partnerships with both Israel and Arab countries, and the potential economic and diplomatic implications of the ongoing conflict.

The recent presidential elections in Maldives, resulting in Mohamed Muizzu's victory over Ibrahim Mohamed Solih, have raised concerns about India's influence in the region. Solih's tenure saw strengthened India-Maldives relations, but Muizzu, seen as a pro-China candidate, may shift Maldives' alignment. Despite this, India should continue its 'Neighbourhood First' policy, focusing on strategic, economic, and environmental cooperation. The article highlights India's significant contributions to Maldives' infrastructure, climate change initiatives, and capacity building, while cautioning against China's debt-trap diplomacy and economic instability.

The G20 Summit has bolstered India's international engagements, enhancing its stature and providing a platform for increased interaction with countries like Spain. Despite the absence of a bilateral meeting between Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi and Spanish President Pedro Sánchez due to the latter's COVID-19 diagnosis, Spain's representation at the summit by high-level officials underscores the growing ties. Strengthening India-Spain relations could expand India's outreach in Europe, benefit from Spain's expertise in renewable energy and smart sustainable cities, and enhance India's presence in the Mediterranean region. The G20 has provided momentum for these bilateral ties, which both countries should capitalize on.

India's recent diplomatic engagements in the Western Indian Ocean, including visits by External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar to Bahrain, the UAE, and Seychelles, highlight the country's strategic outreach in the region. Historically focused on the Eastern Indian Ocean through policies like the Look East Policy and Act East Policy, India has developed strong ties with Southeast Asia, particularly ASEAN. However, the Western Indian Ocean, encompassing the Middle East and Africa, requires a more balanced approach. While India has established strategic partnerships with Middle Eastern countries like Saudi Arabia and the UAE, its engagement with African nations remains limited. To ensure balanced geopolitical influence in the Indo-Pacific Region, India needs a coherent policy that equally addresses both the Middle East and Africa.

Central Asia is becoming a battleground for influence among regional and extra-regional powers, with Iran pushing forward connectivity initiatives to strengthen its ties in the region. As Russia's influence wanes due to the war in Ukraine, countries like the US, EU, and Turkiye are also vying for greater presence. Iran's strategic location and projects like the Chabahar Port, INSTC, and Ashgabat Agreement offer it a potential edge. Despite lacking the economic power of its rivals, Iran's connectivity initiatives could help it counter its competitors and revive its struggling economy.

The G20 Summit in New Delhi sees significant attendance from Western leaders but notable absences from Chinese President Xi Jinping and Russian President Vladimir Putin. The summit highlights the ongoing geopolitical tensions, particularly China's assertive policies and the Russia-Ukraine War. India, hosting the summit, emphasizes its commitment to the Global South and advocates for reformed multilateralism. The article discusses the potential reshaping of the G20 due to China's growing economic and strategic aggression, contrasting India's inclusive vision with China's confrontational approach.

Prime Minister Narendra Modi's visit to Jakarta for the ASEAN-India Summit aims to strengthen India's relations with Southeast Asia, countering China's territorial claims. The summit is crucial for enhancing strategic and economic cooperation, with India already making significant strides through initiatives like the ASEAN-India Maritime Exercise and defense engagements. Challenges include economic cooperation and divisions within ASEAN over Myanmar. Modi's agenda includes increasing trade and addressing the trade deficit with ASEAN, while emphasizing the need for a collective response to China's actions.

The 15th BRICS Summit in Johannesburg concluded with the acceptance of six new members, expanding the group to include Argentina, Ethiopia, Egypt, Iran, Saudi Arabia, and the UAE in 2024. India's unique position within BRICS, due to its close ties with Western countries, contrasts with the anti-Western stance of other members. The expansion raises concerns for India, particularly regarding China's influence and the potential shift towards an anti-Western agenda. Despite strong bilateral relations with Saudi Arabia and the UAE, India remains cautious about the expanded BRICS and its alignment with its multilateral vision.

Prime Minister Narendra Modi's visit to Greece marks the first by an Indian prime minister in 40 years, aiming to strengthen bilateral relations and enhance India's outreach to the Mediterranean region. The Mediterranean is crucial for India's geopolitical interests, connecting three continents and aligning with its Indo-Pacific policy. India's engagement with the region has evolved through three phases, focusing on strategic partnerships with countries like France and Israel, and expanding ties with Egypt, Spain, Italy, Cyprus, and Greece. Defense cooperation remains a key aspect, with India procuring Airbus C-295 aircraft from Spain and Egypt showing interest in the LCA Tejas. Turkey's support for Pakistan on the Kashmir issue has strained its relations with India, which counters by engaging with like-minded countries. Modi's visit to Greece is expected to further solidify India's strategic footprint in the Mediterranean.

India's Chandrayaan-3 mission successfully landed on the Moon's South Pole, making India the first country to achieve this feat. The mission, launched by ISRO, aims to demonstrate a soft landing, rover mobility, and conduct scientific experiments, including searching for water and minerals. This success enhances India's space program, promotes international collaboration, and supports future missions like Gaganyaan. Despite a modest budget, India's space efforts are noted for their ingenuity and potential benefits for developing countries. The mission's success coincides with the BRICS Summit, highlighting India's growing influence in the global South.

India is leveraging semiconductors as a key component of its geopolitical strategy, aiming to become a major player in the semiconductor manufacturing sector. The country has launched a significant financial initiative, the Semiconductor Mission, to bolster its capabilities. Despite challenges such as limited infrastructure, India is attracting substantial investments from companies like Micron Technology and Foxconn. The geopolitical rivalry between the United States and China over technology has further influenced India's strategy, with the U.S. supporting India's ambitions. India's engagement with Taiwan, a leading semiconductor manufacturer, is also a strategic move to counter China's dominance. The development of a semiconductor hub is seen as both an economic milestone and a geopolitical tool for India.

The article by Niranjan Marjani discusses the challenges facing South and Central Asian connectivity, focusing on the Pakistan-Afghanistan-Uzbekistan (PAKAFUZ) rail project. It highlights Pakistan's geoeconomic strategy to reduce reliance on foreign loans and improve ties with Central Asian Republics. However, the article points out major obstacles such as Pakistan's support for the Taliban, security concerns within Pakistan, and China's role in the region. The deteriorating security situation in both Afghanistan and Pakistan, especially in the wake of the US troop withdrawal, poses a threat to regional stability and economic projects like PAKAFUZ and CPEC. The article also touches on China's investment in Pakistan and its strategic interests in Afghanistan, which could challenge the US-led Quad initiative in the region.

India has handed over the INS Kirpan to Vietnam, marking a significant step in its maritime cooperation with Southeast Asia. The ASEAN-India Maritime Exercise and interactions with countries like Indonesia, the Philippines, and Malaysia underscore India's strategic outreach in the region. However, India needs to bolster its economic ties with ASEAN to counter China's influence. Despite a trade deficit with ASEAN, India is renegotiating trade terms to improve its economic standing. China's economic clout in ASEAN is growing, bolstered by the RCEP, which India opted out of in 2019. The Indo-Pacific Economic Framework, led by the US, offers India another avenue for regional engagement.

Sri Lankan President Ranil Wickremesinghe's visit to India aimed at resetting bilateral relations, focusing on economic ties and strategic cooperation amid China's growing presence in the Indo-Pacific Region. Key developments included discussions on the Economic and Technology Cooperation Agreement, operationalizing India's Unified Payments Interface in Sri Lanka, and port development projects. The visit also addressed the Tamil issue, with Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi advocating for the implementation of the 13th Amendment. India's approach integrates its Neighbourhood First Policy with its Indo-Pacific strategy, countering China's influence through strategic and economic engagements. The article highlights India's proactive support during Sri Lanka's economic crisis and its efforts to present an alternative model of engagement.

The article discusses India's participation in the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) and BRICS, highlighting the challenges posed by China's dominance in both forums. It details India's cautious approach to BRICS expansion and its strategic maneuvers within the SCO, particularly concerning terrorism and the Belt and Road Initiative. The text underscores India's efforts to strengthen bilateral ties with Western and democratic countries, as well as its strategic partnerships in the Indo-Pacific and Middle East regions, to counterbalance China's influence.

Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi's visit to the G-7 Summit in Hiroshima underscores India's growing economic and strategic importance. With a rapidly expanding economy, India offers significant investment opportunities and a young workforce. The country's strategic partnerships with G-7 members and its role in the Indo-Pacific region make it a key player in countering China's influence. Additionally, India's unique position as a mediator between Russia and the West amid the ongoing Ukraine conflict highlights its diplomatic significance. The G-7's engagement with India is crucial for addressing global economic and geopolitical challenges.

Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi's visit to the G-7 Summit in Hiroshima underscores India's growing economic and strategic importance. With a GDP larger than three G-7 members and the fastest-growing economy in Asia, India is a key player in global economic growth. The country's young workforce and strategic partnerships with several G-7 nations make it a crucial ally in the Indo-Pacific region, especially in countering China's influence. Additionally, India's role in mitigating the European energy crisis by refining Russian oil highlights its unique position in global geopolitics. India's balanced relations with both Russia and the West could also make it a potential mediator in the ongoing Russia-Ukraine conflict.

The Middle East is undergoing significant intra-regional and extra-regional recalibrations, including rapprochements between key states and China's rising influence. India has intensified its diplomatic outreach, exemplified by recent high-level visits and participation in multilateral initiatives. India's engagements are shaped by historical ties, regional dynamics, and the broader US-China rivalry. While India maintains balanced relations with Arab countries, Israel, and Iran, its strategic interests in the Indo-Pacific and connectivity projects like the Chabahar Port influence its approach. The evolving geopolitical landscape underscores India's role as a key stakeholder in the Middle East and the Indo-Pacific region.

Israel’s Foreign Minister Eli Cohen's visit to India aims to review and diversify bilateral ties, focusing on economic cooperation. The visit follows recent high-profile engagements and sets the stage for Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu's upcoming visit. India and Israel, having established diplomatic relations in 1992, have seen significant growth in trade, defense, and strategic partnerships. Recent agreements and ongoing negotiations, including a potential Free Trade Agreement, highlight the strengthening economic relations. The acquisition of Haifa Port by Adani Group and various MoUs signify deepening economic ties, complementing the traditionally strong defense cooperation.

India's role in the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) is limited by its disputes with China and Pakistan, and the organization's China-dominated and anti-Western stance. Despite hosting high-profile meetings, India finds its strategic interests better served through independent ties with Russia and Central Asia, and through alliances like the Quad. The SCO's alignment with China and Russia's interests contrasts with India's broader foreign policy goals, which include countering China's regional assertiveness and maintaining balanced relations with both Western and Eastern powers.

India, as the current president of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO), is hosting meetings leading to a summit in July. India's membership in the SCO aims to enhance Eurasian engagement but faces limitations due to disputes with China and Pakistan, as seen during the recent Defense Ministers' Meeting. The SCO's China-dominated nature and anti-West stance contrast with India's foreign policy, which includes countering China's influence through the Quad and other strategic partnerships. India's bilateral relations with Russia and Central Asia are strong and independent of the SCO, suggesting limited benefits from the group for India.

The military coup in Myanmar has significantly impacted India's strategic and economic engagements with the country, posing a two-front challenge. Myanmar's increasing alignment with China and the resulting instability have strategic implications for India, particularly in the Indian Ocean and its Northeast region. China's investments and infrastructure projects in Myanmar, such as the China-Myanmar Economic Corridor, are seen as threats to India's security and regional influence. Additionally, the influx of refugees and drug trafficking from Myanmar into India's Northeast complicates the region's social and security dynamics. India's cautious approach contrasts with the Western countries' sanctions on Myanmar, highlighting the geopolitical complexities in the region.

The geopolitical shifts caused by the Russia-Ukraine war have created opportunities for China to strengthen its influence in Central Asia, traditionally considered Russia's sphere of influence. India has accelerated its engagements with Central Asia through initiatives like the Connect Central Asia policy, the India-Central Asia Dialogue, and the India-Central Asia Summit. Despite geographical constraints and competition from China, India has made significant diplomatic efforts to enhance connectivity and regional security. China's substantial investments and trade relations with Central Asia face public resistance due to debt diplomacy and treatment of Uyghurs. India's outreach is challenged by China's growing influence and potential geopolitical dilemmas involving Iran and Western countries.

India is set to hold general elections for the 18th Lok Sabha between April and June 2023, with 970 million voters participating. The BJP, led by Prime Minister Narendra Modi, and the Indian National Congress are the main parties, with several national and regional parties forming alliances. The BJP is campaigning on cultural nationalism and welfare plans, while the opposition struggles with cohesion and a common agenda. The BJP's 2014 majority win broke the trend of coalition politics, and they are expected to win again. The elections will influence India's future role in the global order.

Prime Minister Narendra Modi's visit to the UAE includes the inauguration of the BAPS Hindu Mandir in Abu Dhabi, the first Hindu temple in the city. This event is significant for both India and the UAE, enhancing their soft power and bilateral relations. For India, the temple symbolizes the growing influence of its culture and foreign policy success, while for the UAE, it strengthens ties with the Indian diaspora and positions the country as a moderate and liberal state in competition with Saudi Arabia. The article also touches on the broader geopolitical and economic dynamics in the Gulf region, including the UAE's strategic interests and its rivalry with Saudi Arabia.

On January 22, Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi led the consecration of the Ram Temple in Ayodhya, a significant event for Hindus worldwide. The temple's construction holds cultural, historical, and political importance, symbolizing the revered Hindu deity Ram and his ideal governance, Ram Rajya. The site has been contentious, with a history of conflict between Hindus and Muslims dating back to 1528 when a mosque was built over the original temple. The current ruling party, BJP, champions cultural nationalism and the temple's construction, which was legally sanctioned by the Supreme Court. The BJP's support for the temple has helped consolidate Hindu voters, weakening the Congress party's electoral base.

The book 'Maritime Security Complexes of the Indo-Pacific Region' by Dr Vijay Sakhuja and Dr W. Lawrence S. Prabhakar explores the evolving geopolitical landscape of the Indo-Pacific Region. It applies the Regional Security Complex (RSC) Theory to analyze the region's security dynamics, highlighting the interplay between territorial and regional entities. The book delves into the historical and contemporary relevance of the Indo-Pacific sub-regions, the strategic aspects of the Indian Ocean and Western Pacific Ocean, and the naval nuclear dynamics. It emphasizes the complexity and diversity of the region, moving beyond the binary rivalry between China and democratic nations. The book is recommended for research scholars and general readers interested in the security dynamics of the Indo-Pacific Region.

India is set to assume the presidency of the G-20 amidst a divided global order, with significant challenges such as food security, climate change, and economic parity at stake. The article highlights India's balanced diplomatic stance between Russia and the West, its potential role in mediating the Russia-Ukraine conflict, and its unique position in leading both the G-20 and the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation. Key figures like Olaf Scholz, Xi Jinping, Emmanuel Macron, and Nicolas Maduro are mentioned in the context of their recent actions and interactions.

India and ASEAN are set to elevate their relationship to a comprehensive strategic partnership, marking the 30th anniversary of their ties. This development comes amid India's strategic focus on the Indo-Pacific region and its efforts to counter China's influence in Southeast Asia. Despite challenges such as internal divisions within ASEAN and China's economic dominance, the partnership aims to enhance cooperation in areas like energy, health, and maritime security. The elevation of ties is seen as an opportunity for India to strengthen its presence in Southeast Asia and align its policies with ASEAN-centric strategies.

India's External Affairs Minister Dr. S. Jaishankar emphasized India's commitment to the Global South and the need for a reformed and effective United Nations. India's foreign policy has historically supported the Global South, stemming from its own colonial past. India advocates for dialogue and diplomacy in the Russia-Ukraine war and calls for respecting sovereignty and territorial integrity. India's role in South-South Cooperation and its position as a link between the developed North and the Global South are highlighted, especially in light of its economic growth and the fifth-largest economy status as per IMF projections. The article also discusses the need for UN reforms to ensure inclusivity and relevance, particularly for countries in Africa, Latin America, and the Pacific Island nations.

The 22nd summit of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) will be held in Samarkand, Uzbekistan, with Prime Minister Narendra Modi attending. India will assume the SCO presidency and host the 2023 summit. The article discusses the challenges India faces within the SCO due to its disputes with China and Pakistan, and its growing proximity to Western countries. Despite these challenges, India maintains strong ties with Russia and Central Asia, and is involved in several connectivity projects to enhance trade and energy access. The article suggests that India's independent engagements with Russia and Central Asia are more beneficial than those through the SCO platform.

Spain’s Minister of Foreign Affairs, José Manuel Albares, visited India, marking a significant step in India-Spain relations. The visit included discussions with Indian Foreign Minister Dr. S. Jaishankar, focusing on enhancing bilateral ties. Historically, India and Spain have had different foreign policy priorities, with India focusing on South Asia and the Non-Aligned Movement, and Spain on the EU, Latin America, and North Africa. To strengthen relations, both countries need to find common ground, particularly in the context of the emerging global order and challenges posed by China and the Russia-Ukraine war. Spain could benefit from expanding its foreign policy focus to include Asia and the Indo-Pacific, with India as a potential partner. High-level visits and potential trade agreements, similar to those India has with other countries, could further bolster bilateral relations.

India has joined the Indo-Pacific Economic Framework (IPEF) launched by the United States, aiming to counter China's economic dominance in the region. IPEF includes 13 members and focuses on supply chain resilience, clean energy, taxation, and fair trade. India's participation comes after its exit from the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) due to concerns over trade imbalances with China. Despite efforts to reduce economic dependence on China, India's trade and investment ties with China have grown. IPEF needs to provide clarity and a concrete plan to help India diversify its supply chains and reduce reliance on China.

The Quad Summit in Tokyo faces significant challenges, primarily the need to strengthen its institutional framework amidst the ongoing Russia-Ukraine war. The conflict has strained various international organizations like the United Nations, European Union, NATO, and ASEAN, revealing internal divisions. The Quad must maintain its focus on the Indo-Pacific Region, addressing strategic and economic challenges posed by China. India's unique stance on the Russia-Ukraine war, avoiding direct criticism of Russia, requires the Quad to navigate these differences. The recent change in Australia's leadership adds another layer of complexity, with new Prime Minister Anthony Albanese's approach yet to be seen. The Quad must avoid the pitfalls seen in other international institutions and concentrate on its strategic and economic priorities in the Indo-Pacific.

India has maintained a neutral stance on the Russia-Ukraine war, abstaining from votes at various international bodies while condemning violence and providing humanitarian aid to Ukraine. Despite its historical defense ties with Russia, India is gradually diversifying its arms imports, increasing purchases from France, the U.S., and Israel. Recent diplomatic engagements with Western countries and the Quad highlight India's focus on the Indo-Pacific region and countering China's aggression. India's indigenization drive and phased import bans on Russian defense items indicate a shift towards reducing dependence on Russian arms.

India's recent diplomatic engagements with European leaders, including the European Commission President and foreign ministers from several countries, aim to strengthen relations and address strategic threats from Russia and China. The EU-China Summit highlighted growing tensions, with disagreements over Ukraine, sanctions, and human rights. The Comprehensive Agreement on Investment and the 17+1 initiative face challenges due to these tensions. India's distancing from Russia and closer ties with the West align with European countries' strategic interests, particularly in the Indo-Pacific region. Strengthened India-Europe relations could benefit both economically and strategically.

The Russia-Ukraine conflict has significant implications for Central Asia, affecting economies and altering international relations. Central Asian countries, once part of the Soviet Union, have remained neutral or abstained from UN votes on the conflict. Economic sanctions on Russia have led to collateral damage in Central Asian economies, with currency volatility and potential drops in remittances. China's abstention from UN votes suggests a complicated relationship with Russia, despite a 'no limits' partnership. India has increased engagement with Central Asia, aiming to counter China's influence and find new connectivity routes, especially after the US withdrawal from Afghanistan. However, the conflict may drive Central Asia closer to China, posing strategic concerns for India. Central Asian countries are advised to diversify their foreign policies beyond the Russia-China competition, while India should continue to build on recent diplomatic momentum.

Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi's tour of five Indian Ocean Region countries in January 2022 and his proposal for a forum for Indian Ocean island nations highlight China's strategic maneuvers. The article discusses China's approach to democracy and institutions, contrasting it with the US-led Summit for Democracy. It emphasizes China's unilateral expansionism through the Belt and Road Initiative and its disregard for international law, particularly in the South China Sea. The article calls for existing institutional mechanisms to proactively respond to China's challenges and maintain a multilateral order to counterbalance China's hegemonic tendencies.

India has rejected Pakistan's invitation to the 19th SAARC Summit, citing no material change in the situation since the summit was last canceled in 2016. This reflects India's diminishing interest in SAARC and a shift towards bilateral and multilateral engagements beyond South Asia. The India-Pakistan conflict and the situation in Afghanistan are major impediments to regional integration. Additionally, China's growing influence in South Asia through investments has further complicated regional dynamics. India is now focusing on its Neighborhood First Policy and expanding its global outreach through various international groups and initiatives.

Russian President Vladimir Putin's visit to India for the 21st Annual India-Russia Summit marks the first in-person meeting with Prime Minister Narendra Modi since 2019. The visit, accompanied by Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov and Defence Minister Sergey Shoigu for the inaugural 2+2 ministerial dialogue, occurs amid global geopolitical tensions. India and Russia navigate complex international relations, balancing ties with the US and China. While India has diversified its foreign policy post-Cold War, Russia's approach remains influenced by Cold War-era rivalries. The article highlights India's strategic engagements, including the Act Far East Policy and the proposed Vladivostok-Chennai Maritime Corridor, and addresses the potential impact of the US's CAATSA sanctions on India due to its acquisition of the S-400 missile defence system from Russia.

With assembly elections approaching in five Indian states, the opposition parties are struggling to counter the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP). The lack of unity among opposition parties, their regional limitations, and internal issues within the Congress party are highlighted as significant challenges. The BJP's consolidation of Hindu votes and the division of Muslim votes due to the presence of AIMIM further complicate the opposition's efforts. The article underscores the difficulty for opposition parties to present a united front and effectively challenge the BJP in the upcoming 2024 general elections.

India is hosting the Delhi Regional Security Dialogue on Afghanistan, inviting several countries including Russia, Iran, and Central Asian nations, but Pakistan's NSA Moeed Yusuf has declined to attend. Pakistan's actions, including its support for the Taliban and reluctance to facilitate humanitarian aid from India, are seen as attempts to undermine India's role in the region. However, these actions are leading to Pakistan's isolation as security concerns dominate regional engagements. India, while cautious, is playing a supportive role in ensuring regional stability and has goodwill among the Afghan people due to its development contributions.

Prime Minister Narendra Modi's visit to the United States is significant as it includes personal participation in the United Nations General Assembly, the Quad Summit, and bilateral meetings with President Joe Biden and Vice President Kamala Harris. Key issues include the situation in Afghanistan, the role of Quad, and the democratic world order. The Taliban's control over Afghanistan poses a threat to regional security, and India aims to highlight Pakistan-supported terrorism. The Quad Summit will be the first in-person meeting of Quad leaders, emphasizing the need for a formal structure to address challenges such as trade, climate change, and humanitarian aid. India's strategy in the Indo-Pacific and its role in establishing a multipolar world order will be crucial, especially in light of questions about America's credibility following its withdrawal from Afghanistan.

The article discusses the geopolitical implications of the Taliban takeover in Afghanistan, particularly focusing on the interests and potential competition between Russia and China. It highlights the security concerns for both countries, with Russia conducting military drills through the CSTO and China establishing diplomatic ties with the Taliban. The piece explores how Afghanistan could become a battleground for influence in Central Asia, with China's Belt and Road Initiative and Russia's Eurasian Economic Union vying for dominance. It also touches on China's strategic partnerships in South Asia and West Asia, contrasting them with Russia's more limited regional presence. The author suggests that while Russia and China have a partnership against Western influence, their unequal economic relationship and differing approaches to Afghanistan could lead to competition. The article concludes that China's economic diplomacy may be more appealing to Afghanistan and Central Asian countries, given the history and current needs of the region.

The article discusses the recent urgency in India's engagement with Iran, highlighted by the External Affairs Minister Dr. S. Jaishankar's visits. It explores the backdrop of the US withdrawal from Afghanistan and the Taliban's increased offensive. The article examines the converging and diverging interests of India and Iran in Afghanistan, such as India's concern for its citizens and investments, and Iran's worry about refugee influx and security threats. It also touches on the broader geopolitical implications in the Indo-Pacific Region, including the US's renewed focus on Southeast Asia to counter China, India's naval deployment in the South China Sea, and China's potential to increase its influence in Afghanistan. The piece considers the challenges Iran faces post-US withdrawal, including sanctions and the future of the nuclear deal. It concludes by suggesting that India and Iran may need to recalibrate their relations in the context of Indo-Pacific geopolitics, moving beyond viewing Iran merely as a gateway to Afghanistan and Central Asia.

The article discusses the implications of the recent drone attacks on the Jammu Air Force station in India, hinting at Pakistan's involvement. It highlights the strategic shift in India's response to terrorism and the increased costs imposed on Pakistan for its alleged support of such activities. The drone attacks are seen as a new challenge for Indian defence forces, necessitating an upgrade in defence systems, particularly against drone threats. The author suggests that while drones may offer a cost-effective means of attack for Pakistan, the long-term consequences, including international scrutiny and potential sanctions, could outweigh the short-term benefits. The article also touches on the broader geopolitical context, including the situation in Afghanistan and the implications for Pakistan's security.

The article discusses the implications of the US withdrawal from Afghanistan, focusing on the rise of the Taliban and the potential increase in China's influence in the region. It highlights the Taliban's role in the Afghan peace process and the concerns of neighboring countries, particularly India. India's shift in policy to engage with the Taliban is noted, driven by concerns over its investments in Afghanistan and the potential spillover of instability into Jammu and Kashmir. The article also explores China's strategic interests in Afghanistan, including economic opportunities and the extension of the Belt and Road Initiative. It suggests that China is poised to fill the strategic void left by the US, with potential impacts on the security and stability of the region. The author concludes that both the Taliban's ascendancy and China's growing influence present significant challenges for India, which has historically focused on development and infrastructure projects in Afghanistan under the US' umbrella.

The article discusses the internal and external impacts of COVID-19 on India through a podcast episode by Wikistrat, featuring experts Poornima B and Niranjan Marjani. They explore the devastating second wave of infections in India, the country's vaccine diplomacy, and the shift in focus to domestic needs due to the crisis. The discussion also covers India-Pakistan relations, which have not seen significant progress despite some positive developments. The experts analyze the implications of the US withdrawal from Afghanistan on India's regional relations and the potential for India to engage with the Taliban. Additionally, they reflect on the support India received internationally during the second wave and the challenges in global forums like the WTO and WHO. Finally, they predict major political and social changes in India, including the potential impact on the government's re-election prospects, health infrastructure, education, and the digital divide exacerbated by the pandemic.

The article expresses support and solidarity with Spain and its Prime Minister, Pedro Sánchez. It emphasizes that Spain's borders are also the borders of the European Union, highlighting the importance of the relationship between Spain and the EU. Furthermore, the article calls for cooperation, trust, and shared commitments as foundational principles for a strong relationship between the European Union and Morocco. This suggests a focus on the diplomatic and strategic ties between the EU, Spain, and Morocco, possibly in the context of border security, migration, or other collaborative efforts.

The upcoming Madrid Community elections on May 4th are highlighted by the 26-year governance of the Partido Popular (PP), which seeks to continue its trend against the PSOE's challenge. Almudena Negro Konrad, PP leader and deputy in the Madrid Assembly, discusses the dissolution of the Assembly, the campaign slogan 'Freedom', and the ideological battle against totalitarian forces threatening liberal democracy. The interview covers Madrid's economic growth despite the pandemic, the PP's support for SMEs, and the impact of the national 'Plan España Puede'. The PP's stance on immigration is inclusive, supporting legal immigrants seeking opportunity. The interview also touches on the competition with Vox and the importance of Madrid's autonomy.

India has intensified its diplomatic engagements with West Asia, particularly with Arab countries, through high-profile visits and strategic partnerships. The focus has been on strengthening defense cooperation and economic ties, with significant investments from Saudi Arabia and the UAE. Relations with Iran have been more complex, influenced by US sanctions and geopolitical dynamics. Afghanistan remains a challenge due to security concerns and Pakistan's influence. India's current strategy prioritizes diplomatic outreach to Arab countries over physical connectivity projects with Iran and Afghanistan, driven by economic and geopolitical considerations.

Myanmar's seafood industry is struggling due to security issues in Shan State and China's trade restrictions following COVID-19 outbreaks. The industry, which employs 3.5 million people, has seen a significant drop in international orders and increased transport costs, with 1 million jobs lost. Overland trade, accounting for 60% of marine exports, is now funneled through the Muse-Kyin San Kyawt route, raising expenses. The government has been urged to provide economic assistance, and the Asian Development Bank predicts a 6% economic growth which could aid recovery. Ongoing conflicts in Shan State further disrupt trade, with several ethnic armed groups not part of a 2015 peace deal and ceasefires proving ineffective.

The EU and China have agreed to an investment deal aimed at balancing economic relations, granting EU companies access to Chinese markets in various sectors while offering China concessions in manufacturing and energy. This deal, significant in the context of Brexit and the RCEP, poses challenges for the US, particularly as President-Elect Joe Biden prepares to take office. The deal could exacerbate US-China rivalry and complicate US-EU relations. For India, the deal means increased competition with China for EU trade partnerships and potential impacts on Indo-Pacific geopolitics. Turkey's strained relations with the EU and its potential alignment with China over the Uighur issue and economic interests are also noteworthy. The deal is poised to influence economic and strategic priorities within and outside the EU, presenting challenges for the US, India, and other competitors.

With Joe Biden set to assume the U.S. presidency, there is debate on the future of India-U.S. relations. While Trump took a confrontational approach towards global institutions, Modi has been a vocal supporter of multilateralism. Biden is expected to adopt a conciliatory stance, potentially resetting U.S. engagement with global institutions like the U.N. and NATO. Modi has called for institutional reforms to reflect contemporary geopolitical realities, and Biden's vision for foreign policy aligns with strengthening democracy and a rules-based order. Strengthening and reforming institutional mechanisms could further enhance India-U.S. bilateral relations.

India's withdrawal from the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) raises questions about its future relations with ASEAN nations. India's concerns about trade imbalances and the influx of Chinese products led to its exit from the RCEP, which includes all 10 ASEAN members and other countries. India's decision may affect its engagement with Southeast Asia, as it has been working to strengthen ties through its Act East Policy and existing FTAs. With ASEAN countries likely to focus on RCEP, India risks isolation and must find new ways to engage with the region while addressing its domestic economic concerns and ongoing conflict with China.

The article discusses India's foreign policy missteps in ignoring Armenia, drawing parallels with its relations with Israel. It highlights the strategic importance of the Armenia-Azerbaijan conflict for India, particularly in the context of the International North-South Transit Corridor (INSTC) and regional connectivity. The article emphasizes the cultural and historical ties between India and Armenia, suggesting that India should strengthen its relations with Armenia similar to its ties with Israel and Taiwan. It also notes recent developments, including a $40-million defense deal, and advocates for a more focused engagement with Armenia as part of India's broader foreign policy strategy.

In October, Spain saw significant political events, including the declaration of a state of alarm by President Pedro Sánchez due to COVID-19, ongoing disputes between Madrid and Catalonia, and internal political fragmentation. The state of alarm, excluding the Canary Islands, includes a night curfew and requires Congress approval for extensions. Historical tensions between Madrid and Catalonia persist, with recent legal actions against Catalan leaders. Additionally, disputes between the Government of Spain and the Community of Madrid, political fragmentation, and challenges to institutions like the monarchy and judiciary have marked the month. The political landscape remains unstable, with no clear resolution in sight.

Chinese diplomat Yang Jiechi's visit to Spain aims to stabilize turbulent relations, impacted by COVID-19 and faulty testing kits. Spain's Eurocentric policy and political instability, along with EU-China relations, shape its approach. China's COVID-19 diplomacy and investments, including in Spanish ports, are crucial. Huawei faces setbacks, with Telefónica reducing 5G equipment purchases. Spain's strategic autonomy and geopolitical importance necessitate cautious engagement with China, balancing economic ties and avoiding debt-diplomacy.

The Beirut blasts on August 4, caused by the explosion of improperly stored ammonium nitrate, resulted in over 160 deaths, thousands of injuries, and significant property damage. The incident highlights Lebanon's deep-rooted issues of political instability, corruption, and economic crisis. Prime Minister Hassan Diab resigned amid widespread protests demanding political reforms. French President Emmanuel Macron's visit and subsequent international aid efforts underscore the global concern, but the article stresses the need for internal political reforms to address Lebanon's longstanding problems.

The article discusses the abrogation of Articles 370 and 35A, which granted special status to Jammu and Kashmir, and its implications on the region's identity and integration with India. It highlights the historical context, the impact on Kashmiri Pandits, and the role of Pakistan in the conflict. The removal of these articles is seen as a step towards better national integration and economic development, while addressing the identity and security issues in Jammu and Kashmir.

Turkey's recent conversion of Hagia Sophia from a museum to a mosque is seen as a strategic move by President Erdogan to consolidate power domestically and increase influence regionally. The decision has sparked controversy, upsetting the Christian community and raising concerns about Turkey's commitment to secularism and minority rights. The move is also viewed as a tactic to distract from Turkey's economic troubles and declining political support. Internationally, it has strained relations with NATO allies and is perceived as part of Turkey's broader ambitions in the Middle East and North Africa.

India and the EU will hold a virtual summit on July 15, co-chaired by Prime Minister Narendra Modi, European Council President Charles Michel, and European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen. The summit, initially scheduled for March, was postponed due to the Covid-19 outbreak. The article discusses the need for a new normality in India-EU relations, addressing challenges such as Brexit and China's aggression. It highlights the potential for strategic cooperation in the Indo-Pacific region, maritime security, and data security. The EU remains India's largest trading partner, and there is scope for improving trade relations. The Covid-19 crisis and China's actions present an opportunity to restructure India-EU relations.

Indian and Chinese soldiers clashed at the Galwan Valley, resulting in casualties on both sides. The ongoing stand-off at the Line of Actual Control (LAC) in Ladakh has seen multiple confrontations. The border dispute between India and China dates back to the McMahon Line of 1914 and remains unresolved despite numerous dialogues. Concurrently, Nepal has raised a border dispute with India, claiming territories in Uttarakhand. Nepal's increasing proximity to China, especially since joining the Belt and Road Initiative, complicates the situation. China's strategic moves in South Asia, including its involvement in the India-Nepal dispute, aim to encircle India. India's construction of the DSDBO Road near the LAC enhances its strategic position. The disputes, originally bilateral, now reflect broader geopolitical ambitions, necessitating a multifaceted approach from India.

India's response to China following the Galwan Valley confrontation requires a comprehensive reformulation of long-term policies across diplomatic, strategic, and economic domains. Diplomatically, India should adopt a more vocal stance against China's actions and establish stronger international alliances. Strategically, India must leverage its battle-hardened military and enhance maritime security. Economically, India needs to reduce dependency on Chinese imports by incentivizing domestic production and attracting foreign investments. Focused efforts with long-term targets are essential for resolving border issues and eliminating security threats.

India and China are engaged in a tense stand-off along the Line of Actual Control in Ladakh, with Chinese troops intruding into Indian territory. India has responded by reinforcing its military presence and implementing economic and diplomatic measures to counter China's aggression. The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted supply chains in China, prompting companies to consider relocating to India, which has adjusted its FDI policy to prevent hostile takeovers by Chinese investors. India has also shown tacit support for Taiwan and criticized China's actions in the South China Sea, marking a shift in its geopolitical stance. This situation presents India with an opportunity to redefine its role in the Indo-Pacific security architecture.

India has played a significant role in addressing the COVID-19 crisis both domestically and diplomatically, particularly in the Indian Ocean Region (IOR). The country has evacuated citizens from various nations, supplied essential medicines, and improved relations with countries like Iran and Malaysia. India's proactive measures, including a nationwide lockdown, have been praised by international organizations. The crisis has also provided India an opportunity to enhance its influence in the IOR, contrasting with China's Belt and Road Initiative. India's efforts could elevate its status in the post-COVID-19 world order.

The COVID-19 crisis has significantly impacted global politics, with major powers like the US and China continuing their pre-existing rivalries. The US has maintained its stance of challenging institutions and blaming China, while China has been active in providing international assistance and continuing its assertive activities in the Indo-Pacific region. Middle powers such as India, Vietnam, South Korea, and Taiwan have emerged as key players by effectively managing the pandemic and providing aid to other countries. The economic aftermath of the crisis is a major concern, with China showing signs of recovery. Middle powers have an opportunity to leverage their capabilities to attract manufacturing units and boost their economies. The world order may shift to give these middle powers a more significant role in international politics.

The COVID-19 crisis presents an opportunity for India and Spain to strengthen their bilateral relations. Prime Minister Narendra Modi and President Pedro Sánchez discussed the need for international cooperation to combat the pandemic. The article explores the potential benefits of increased cooperation, including diversified international engagements, economic opportunities, and sharing best practices in health and renewable energy. It emphasizes the importance of redefining globalization to address current challenges while maintaining a cooperative approach within the existing system.

Pedro Sánchez met with Quim Torra to set the agenda for talks addressing Catalonia's independence and improving relations with Madrid. The political instability in Catalonia, exacerbated by the Supreme Court's sentencing of Catalan leaders, contrasts with Madrid's economic growth. Madrid's GDP is projected to grow by 2.3%, outperforming Catalonia's 1.5%. Employment rates in Madrid are also rising, while Catalonia faces increasing unemployment. The economic disparity may influence future negotiations, with Madrid potentially leveraging its economic strength. However, addressing Catalonia's financial and political concerns without economic coercion is crucial for reconciliation.

India has been strategically countering Turkey's pro-Pakistan and anti-India stance, particularly on the Kashmir issue, by isolating Pakistan internationally and responding to Turkey's diplomatic offensives. India's Prime Minister Narendra Modi has engaged with leaders of countries in dispute with Turkey, cancelled a visit to Turkey, cut defense exports, and issued a demarche to Turkey's envoy. India also secured a defense deal with Armenia and is looking to reset ties with Malaysia following a regime change. India's foreign policy separates domestic politics from international relations, focusing on nation-state interests over religious communities, and has strengthened ties with Saudi Arabia and the UAE while maintaining distance from Turkey.

US President Donald Trump's visit to India on February 24-25 aims to strengthen India-US relations amidst high excitement but uncertain expectations. Trump's focus includes domestic political gains and wooing Indian-origin voters in the US, while India seeks to enhance economic and strategic ties. The visit highlights potential trade deals and strategic partnerships, particularly in the Indo-Pacific region, where India advocates for a multilateral order. However, US policies towards South Asia, including Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Iran, pose challenges for India. The article emphasizes the need for India to balance transactional and multilateral approaches in its foreign policy.

The BJP experienced significant losses in state assembly elections across six major states from December 2018 to December 2019, reducing its control from 70% to 34% of India's total area. Despite these setbacks, the BJP secured a decisive victory in the 2019 general elections, winning 303 seats. The article attributes the BJP's success to its strong narrative on economic reforms, social welfare, foreign policy, and national security. Challenges for the BJP include maintaining alliances within the National Democratic Alliance and focusing on state-specific issues during assembly elections. The opposition, primarily composed of regional parties and a weakened Congress, struggles with unity and lacks a compelling narrative to counter the BJP's vision. The article emphasizes the importance of narrative in political success, suggesting that numbers alone are insufficient to challenge the BJP's dominance.

India's Act East Policy, aimed at strengthening economic and strategic ties with Southeast Asia, has made significant progress but is hindered by a lingering 'continental mindset' that prioritizes land over maritime strategies. Prime Minister Narendra Modi emphasized the importance of the Northeast region as a gateway to ASEAN during a summit in Assam. Despite ongoing projects like the India-Myanmar-Thailand Trilateral Highway and the Kaladan Multi-Modal Transit Transport Project, there is a need for greater maritime awareness, particularly in leveraging the strategic location of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. The article highlights the necessity for India to enhance its naval capabilities and budget to effectively counter China's influence in the region.