Saudi Arabia's Khnaiguiyah mining project, located southwest of Riyadh, is set to become the Gulf's first world-level zinc mine, with plans to extract 25 million tonnes of zinc and copper ore over 12 years. The project, awarded to Ajlan & Bros Group and Moxico, aims to support Saudi Arabia's strategy to establish complete supply chains domestically. Zinc, crucial for energy transition technologies like solar panels and wind turbines, faces a potential supply gap by 2027-2029, despite current low prices due to Chinese overcapacity. Analysts predict a future price surge as demand increases and supply falls short, potentially benefiting the Khnaiguiyah project.

The article discusses the cost dynamics and profitability challenges in the energy transition from fossil fuels to renewable energy. It highlights the significant cost advantages of renewable energy, particularly solar power, in the Gulf region, where costs have dramatically decreased. Despite these advantages, fossil fuels remain prevalent due to their profitability and the structural differences in cost between renewables and fossil fuels. The article also addresses the challenges of renewable energy, such as upfront costs and variability, and suggests that advancements in battery technology and changes in electricity market structures could mitigate these issues. The role of public sector involvement in future renewable energy projects is also considered.

Rare earth elements (REEs) are crucial to the global energy transition and net-zero plans, with significant investments from entities like the Qatar Investment Authority in companies such as TechMet. The demand for REEs is expected to surge, although prices have recently fallen due to geopolitical tensions, particularly between China and the US. China dominates the REE market, accounting for a large share of mining, processing, and manufacturing, which has raised concerns in the US, Europe, and Japan. Efforts to decouple supply chains from China face challenges due to China's control over key technologies. However, there may be opportunities for cooperation as China seeks to build alliances.

Ceuta, a Spanish enclave in Africa, plays a crucial role in Spanish-Moroccan relations, often serving as a focal point for tensions between the two countries. The region has been a site of historical disputes and modern-day migration challenges, with Morocco using it as leverage in diplomatic negotiations. The article highlights the complex history and current geopolitical significance of Ceuta, including its role in the Western Sahara conflict and its diverse population, which includes descendants of soldiers who fought for Franco in the Spanish Civil War.

Morocco-Spain relations are evolving, marked by significant trade growth and ongoing tensions. Remittances from Moroccans in Europe contribute significantly to Morocco's GDP, while trade between the two countries has increased, with Spain being Morocco's main trading partner. Despite historical disputes over Western Sahara and Spanish enclaves, both nations share common interests, such as co-hosting the 2030 FIFA World Cup. The relationship is characterized by economic integration, with Spanish companies relocating to Morocco and plans for infrastructure development. However, challenges remain, including protests over agricultural exports and issues related to migration and drug trafficking.

Rice prices are at a 15-year high due to uncertain weather and India's export embargo. The Indian government, led by Narendra Modi, may ease restrictions depending on monsoon progress. The embargo has affected global rice prices, with India being a major exporter. The Gulf Cooperation Council, a significant importer, is seeking alternative suppliers. Weather patterns like El Niño and La Niña are impacting rice production, particularly in Asia. The Indian government's policies aim to ensure domestic food security amid a growing population, influencing global rice markets.

Silver has emerged as 2024's best-performing precious metal, driven by its critical role in the green energy transition and industrial applications. Despite its gains, the market remains volatile, influenced by factors such as supply constraints, global conflicts, and economic uncertainties. Silver's price is closely tied to gold, with both metals serving as safe havens during crises. The Middle East, particularly the UAE, has become a significant hub for silver trading and refining, bolstered by economic partnerships with India. While silver's demand in solar panels and electronics is strong, its market is unpredictable due to factors like stockpile releases and its by-product nature in mining.

Türkiye's local elections resulted in a significant shift in political power, with the opposition Republican People’s Party (CHP) outperforming the ruling Justice and Development Party (AKP) in major cities like Ankara, Istanbul, and Izmir. The elections highlighted local issues and dissatisfaction with the AKP's handling of economic conditions. In the Kurdish-majority southeast, the pro-Kurdish Peoples’ Equality and Democracy Party faced challenges, including disqualification of candidates, but also saw some success. The political landscape remains tense, with potential military actions against the PKK in northern Iraq looming, impacting the political mood and future electoral prospects.

Gibraltar has historically been a melting pot for Jewish and Muslim communities, thriving despite historical conflicts and changes in Spain and Morocco. The Rock's small population of 33,000 is home to four synagogues and two mosques, with a harmonious coexistence between the communities. While the ongoing conflict in Gaza has sparked some tensions, local residents emphasize the importance of maintaining peaceful relations. The article highlights the cultural and historical significance of Gibraltar's diverse communities and their efforts to preserve harmony amidst external conflicts.

Catalonia's Cava industry is facing a severe challenge due to the worst drought in memory, with around a third of the vines in the region dead from thirst. Celler Cairons has lost about a quarter of its vines, and the next two months are critical for the survival of the remaining plants. The drought has affected both large and small producers, with the older vines suffering more due to their deeper roots. The impact of the drought on production volumes will likely be seen next year. Local residents and producers are hoping for more rain to alleviate the situation.